Skip to content
Pragmatic Mom
Menu
  • Home
  • About
    • Contact
    • Policies
    • Media Kit
    • Privacy Policy
    • Copyright
    • KidLit Blogroll
  • My Book Lists
    • My List of Lists
    • Multicultural Books for Children: 60+ Book Lists
    • #OwnVoices
    • Summer Reading Lists for Middle School Kids
    • Asian American Children’s Books
    • African American Children’s Books
    • Arab American Children’s Books
    • Latinx American Children’s Books
    • Native American Children’s Books
    • LGBTQIA+ Children’s Books
    • Diverse Books for Kids
    • Best Books for Kids
  • Education
    • STEM/STEAM
    • Math
    • Social Studies
    • Art Projects for Kids
    • Applying to Art School
    • Applying to College
    • Book Club for Kids
    • 70+ Free Educational Games
  • Controversial
    • Sexual Misconduct in Children’s Book Publishing #MeToo #TimesUp
    • Rethinking & Examining Dr. Seuss’ Racism
    • Blood Feud over YA #BloodHeir
    • Tulsa Race Massacre: What They Don’t Teach You in History Books
    • The Chinese Exclusion Act – What They Don’t Teach in History Books
    • Segregation in California Schools: What They Don’t Teach in History Books
    • SCBWI Minnesota Racist Illustration and Gaslighting Response
  • My Books
    • My Book Announcements
    • Origami French Fries: Activity for THE TRAVELING TACO
    • Book Announcement: A Place to Call Home! {and a new title …}
    • FOOD FOR THE FUTURE makes Sunshine State Young Readers Award Orange Blossom List for Nonfiction!
    • Cover Reveal of my latest picture book … FORTUNE COOKIES FOR EVERYONE!
    • Picture Book Announcement! BARBED WIRE BETWEEN US, illustrated by Violeta Encarnación
    • We Sing From the Heart gets a few stickers!
    • Book Announcement! Postcards from Malcolm X: How Yuri Kochiyama Became a Civil Rights Activist
    • Kirkus Reviews My Newest Picture Book: THE TRAVELING TACO
    • We Sing From the Heart is a Notable Social Studies Trade Books for Young People Winner!
    • We Sing From the Heart gets a few stickers!
    • WE SING FROM THE HEART wins California Eureka! Nonfiction Children’s Book Award
    • WE SING FROM THE HEART is Orbis Pictus Recommended Book
    • WE SING FROM THE HEART is a Junior Library Guild Gold Selection
    • Dorktales Podcast: Simon Tam, Hidden Hero of History
    • Food for the Future Wins Nautilus Silver Book Award
    • Food for the Future makes Mass Book Award Long List!
    • FOOD FOR THE FUTURE Makes Green Earth Book Award Long List!
    • Food for the Future is a finalist for 2023 INDIES Book of the Year!
    • New! Food for the Future Activity and Discussion Guide!
    • FOOD FOR THE FUTURE is a Junior Library Guild Gold Selection!
    • ‘Food for the Future’ selected for Chicago Public Library’s Best of the Best books
    • Scholastic Purchased CHANGING THE GAME!
    • Starred Review for FOOD FOR THE FUTURE from School Library Journal!
    • Sumo Joe makes Bank Street Best Children’s Books of the Year list!
    • How To Coach Girls wins Silver Award!
    • Posts on My Books
  • My Book Events
    • My Book Events
    • I’m Signing Books at ALA 2025 in Philly!
Menu
A Flock of Books about Birds

A Flock of Children’s Books about Birds

Posted on December 18, 2014May 15, 2024 by Pragmatic Mom

Please welcome author Suzanne Goldsmith, winner of the 2014 Green Earth Book Award in the Young Adult Category, for Washashore. Today she is sharing her favorite books about birds! Suzanne is giving away 3 signed copies of her book to 3 winners! See the Rafflecopter below to win. (This giveaway is going to have a short duration so that winners might receive their copies before the holiday season ends.)

p.s. Here’s one more!

Pop-Up Birds by Laura Conwan, illustrated by Giulia Lombardo, Design and Paper Engineering by Jenny Hilborne

Meet bee-eaters, hummingbirds, flamingos, and more in this vibrant interactive book. Many of the pop-up birds are engineered with movement if the reader opens and closes the page. Interesting facts give background to each bird and what is special about them. [pop-up picture book, ages 3 and up]

———————

Birds. They have four limbs—just like us. They walk on two legs—just like us. They like to sing—just like us.

And yet they are so very different from us. Which is why we find them so fascinating.

I should know. Starting from zero knowledge, I willingly dove into months of bird research to write a children’s novel that centers on the survival story and the migration pattern of the majestic ospreys.

The osprey, as regular readers of the Pragmatic Mom will know, is a raptor with a six-foot wingspan that eats only fresh fish, and that travels as far as 3000 miles each way during its fall and spring migrations. Ospreys catch their dinner by dive-bombing headfirst from 50 to 200 feet in the air, reaching out at the last second with long, sharp, curved, and deadly talons to snag a fish. The bird is often pulled right underwater in the process.

Then the osprey bursts from the water with a fish struggling in its claws (it’s successful about 70 percent of the time!), shakes like a dog in mid-air, and flies away to eat or feed its young. It’s an extraordinary sight – and one I didn’t witness for real until AFTER I published my book. But I saw it on video, and I was hooked.

Another thing that drew me to the ospreys was their heroic return from the brink of extinction, with an assist from humans. Ospreys were profoundly affected by the pesticide DDT, which was widely used in the US until it was banned in 1973. By that time there were few ospreys left in the U.S. Yet by stopping the use of DDT, and by supporting the birds with safe, man-made nesting spots atop tall poles, we were able to reverse their decline before it was too late. It’s a true environmental success story.

My novel, Washashore, takes place during that time of waiting, 1976: when the birds had a chance to bounce back from the edge, but their fate was still unclear. The story begins when my main character, Clem, finds a drowned osprey with ID bands on its legs on a Martha’s Vineyard beach. Her quest to find out more about the bird leads her to Daniel, a lonely boy who raises orphaned birds. After learning about the birds’ plight, Clem helps with a habitat restoration project while she and Daniel wait for the return of the migrant birds, hoping the dead osprey’s mate will return from its winter retreat in South America and start a new family.

A Flock of Children’s Books About Birds

Washashore by Suzanne Goldsmith

At the same time, Clem is waiting for her own father to return from a job far away; she’s wondering if her family, too, will survive.

Until now, Clem had only noticed seagulls and sandpipers at the beach. But Daniel showed her how little she knew. There were loons, goldeneyes, kingfishers, scaup. Mergansers. Sometimes Harlequin ducks. Eiders. Cormorants. Kestrels. Scoters. Even the seagulls came in different varieties…Soon she could recognize the different sandpipers and plovers by the way they ran along the beach. Some zigzagged, others moved in a straight line. Some bobbed their heads rhythmically. She figured out how to identify birds in flight from the movements and the angle of their wings. She knew that the scaup in Menemsha Creek near Daniel’s house fed on tiny crabs, and that the sanderlings on the ocean beach ate the droppings of other birds to get the protein they needed during the winter. Once in a great while, she even spotted a bird before Daniel did. Or maybe he just let her think so.

The drama of migration, the threats to many bird species, the unique behaviors of so many varieties of birds, and our attraction to the miracle of flight offer fertile ground for authors looking for stories in nature. They also offer a wonderful opportunity for kids to connect stories with science and nature.

Here are a few of my favorite bird-related books for kids and teens.

Frightful’s Mountain by Jean Craighead George

This book brings back the falcon, Frightful, who played a role in the book on which a popular movie was based, My Side of the Mountain. Sam Gribley has been told that it is illegal to harbor an endangered bird, so when Frightful comes home, he has to let her go. But Frightful doesn’t know how to live alone in the wild. Frightful struggles to survive and learn to enjoy her new freedom. But she feels a bond with Sam that can never be broken, and more than anything else, she wants to return to him. [middle grade, ages 10 and up]

Hoot by Carl Hiaasen

Roy Eberhardt is the new kid in Coconut Grove, Florida, and he’s being bullied. But if it wasn’t for Dana Matherson mashing his face against the school bus window that one day, he might never have seen the tow-headed running boy. And if he had never seen the running boy, he might never have met tall, tough, bully-beating Beatrice. And if he had never met Beatrice, he might never have discovered the endangered burrowing owls living in the lot on the corner of East Oriole Avenue. [middle grade, ages 10 and up]

Inside a Bald Eagle’s Nest by Tina Ruark Gorrow and Craig Koppie

is a photographic and factual account of American Bald Eagles during nesting season. Through 160 breathtaking images captured in eagles’ natural habitats, this book offers a rare glimpse into the behaviors and activities of America’s national symbol as it prepares a nest, mates, lays eggs, and raises its young. Winner of the 2014 Green Earth Book Award [Young Adult Nonfiction, ages 12 and up]

Okay for Now by Gary Schmidt

In this National Book Award finalist, a companion story to the Newbery Honor Book The Wednesday Wars, Doug struggles to be more than the “skinny thug” that some people think him to be. He finds an unlikely ally in Lil Spicer and in the quest to save not an endangered bird but an endangered set of Audubon paintings of birds. Doug, who must endure an abusive father, the suspicions of a town, and the discovery that his brother was forever changed by his time in Vietnam, sees his feelings reflected in the stories of these beautiful birds. [middle grade, ages 10 and up]

Owls in the Family by Farley Mowat

Every child needs to have a pet. But what happens when your pet is an owl, and your owl is terrorizing the neighborhood? In this book by the author of Never Cry Wolf, a young boy’s pet menagerie – which includes crows, magpies, gophers, and a dog – grows out of control with the addition of two cantankerous pet owls. Warm, funny, suspenseful, and filled with information about the Great Horned Owls. [middle grade, ages 8 and up]

The True Blue Scouts of Sugar Man Swamp by Kathi Appelt

This is a rollicking tale of two raccoon brothers, a furry swamp creature, and a boy named Chap who lives at the edge of the Louisiana Bayou and is on a mission to save the swamp by locating the last remaining Ivory-Billed Woodpecker. Both comic and mythic, this book has at its center a true-life bird mystery: is the Ivory-Billed Woodpecker extinct? Or are the elusive birds still living? [middle grade, ages 8 and up]

The Wheel on the School by Meindert Dejong

Lina wonders why the storks no longer come to her town, the little Dutch fishing village of Shora. Her question sparks gets the other children wondering and sets in motion a chain of events that eventually leads the entire town to work together. Some say it’s a little slow for today’s reader, but this gem from the past won the Newbery Medal in 1955. [middle grade, ages 8 and up]

Wild Wings by Gill Lewis

This “vividly imagined and well-written novel” (Booklist, starred review) could be a companion book to Washashore, as it follows the habits of the ospreys on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. It tells a gripping story about a boy from Scotland and a girl from West Africa who join together to save a migrating Osprey—and end up saving each other. [middle grade, ages 8 and up]

 

A Field Guide for Kids

Backyard Birds by Jonathan Latimer, Karen Stray Nolting, and Roger Tory Peterson

From the series Peterson Field Guides for Young Naturalists, Backyard Birds is a wonderful handbook for the novice birder. Whether your young bird-watcher is a curious casual observer or a more systematic collector of sightings, he or she will find this guide informative and easy to follow. Featuring illustrations by the famous naturalist Roger Tory Peterson, the book gives a simple, non-threatening introduction to the Peterson system of bird identification (essentially a set of drawings and questions that help birders look for particular identifying features). There is enough information here to help readers identify 20 backyard birds common to most parts of the U.S. and Canada. (Scientific American) [middle grade, ages 10 and up]

And for the younger set:

Hooray for Birds! by Lucy Cousins

Here’s an exuberant book for the littles to get their imagination flowing. Kids can pretend to be birds and they learn about the sounds that different bird species make. This is a fun introduction to birding! [picture book, ages 2 and up]


Birds by Kevin Henkes and Laura Dronzek

This picture book by the author of Lilly’s Purple Plastic Purse links the variety of birds to concepts such as color, shape, size, and number. [picture book, ages 4 and up]

Are You My Mother? by P. D. Eastman

This familiar, charming classic follows a confused baby bird who’s been separated from his mother as he asks cows, planes, and steam shovels the Big Question. [picture book, ages 3 and up]

Washashore 3 Book Giveaway: 3 Winners!

Please enter the Rafflecopter to win a signed copy of Washashore.

a Rafflecopter giveaway

Suzanne Goldsmith Suzanne Goldsmith’s debut novel for ages 9-14, Washashore, is the winner of the 2014 Green Earth Book Award in the Young Adult Category. The free classroom guide, along with inserts aimed at individual grade levels 5 through 8, is available at Pagespring Publishing. You can find Suzanne on Facebook, Twitter, or at her website. She’s hard at work on another book. p.s. Related Links: Free Bird Journal from Doodles and Jots Osprey Migration Books for Kids Birds of Florida Books for Kids

To examine any book more closely at Amazon, please click on image of book.

A Flock of Books about Birds from Suzanne Goldsmith Washashore

As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases.

 

p.s. Related posts:

Picture Books with Birds as Inspiration or Character

All About Hummingbirds: A Unit for Kids

Birds of North Captiva, Florida, Saved From Extinction!

Barcelona: Birds, Pickpocketers, and Barca Futbul

Non Fiction for Kids: True or False series Storms, Birds (ages 6-9)

Favorite Owl Children’s Books & Whoo-ku Haiku GIVEAWAY!

Osprey Migration Books for Kids

 

Follow PragmaticMom’s board Multicultural Books for Kids on Pinterest.

Follow PragmaticMom’s board Children’s Book Activities on Pinterest.

 

My books:

We Sing From the Heart picture book cover reveal of The Slants Simon Tam

 Amazon / Signed or Inscribed by Me

Cover Reveal: Boxer Baby Battles Bedtime!Amazon / Signed or Inscribed by Me

Food for the Future: Sustainable Farms Around the World by Mia Wenjen, illustrated by Robert Sae-Heng

Food for the Future: Sustainable Farms Around the World

  • Junior Library Guild Gold selection
  • Massachusetts Book Award Long List
  • Selected as one of 100 Outstanding Picture Books of 2023 by dPICTUS and featured at the Bologna Children’s Book Fair
  • Starred review from School Library Journal
  • Chicago Library’s Best of the Best
  • 2023 INDIES Book of the Year Awards Finalist
  • Green Earth Book Award Long List
  • Imagination Soup’s 35 Best Nonfiction Books of 2023 for Kids

 Amazon / Barefoot Books / Signed or Inscribed by Me

cover for Sumo JoeChanging the Game: Asian Pacific American Female Athletes by Mia WenjenAmazon / Scholastic / Signed or Inscribed by Me

The Elusive Full Ride Scholarship: An Insider’s Guide

How To Coach Girls by Mia Wenjen and Alison FoleyAsian Pacific American Heroes

22 thoughts on “A Flock of Children’s Books about Birds”

  1. Barbara Ann Mojica says:
    December 18, 2014 at 9:02 am

    Truly a magnificent creature….I love bird watching and am fortunate to live in a rural area which allows the opportunity to do so.

    Reply
    1. Pragmatic Mom says:
      December 21, 2014 at 9:03 pm

      Hi Barbara Ann,
      I love watching osprey in flight too! We sometimes can find them here in Boston.

      Reply
  2. Jennifer Jensen (@jenjensen2) says:
    December 18, 2014 at 10:26 am

    I used to live on Osprey Dr, but I never knew! What an awesome video! And it sounds like an awesome book, too – definitely going on my reading list. Thanks for sharing!

    Reply
    1. Pragmatic Mom says:
      December 21, 2014 at 9:04 pm

      Thanks so much Jennifer!
      I love the tie in to Osprey from your street!

      Reply
  3. Denise Taylor-Dennis says:
    December 18, 2014 at 1:26 pm

    I love bald eagles because of how they glide and soar they are just so beautiful.

    Reply
    1. Pragmatic Mom says:
      December 21, 2014 at 9:05 pm

      Hi Denise,
      I love eagles too! I don’t see them very often so it’s really special to see them in the wild! Sometimes we can spot one when we are in Florida!

      Reply
  4. maryanne @ mama smiles says:
    December 18, 2014 at 3:53 pm

    We love the last two books on your list! Birds are fascinating animals!

    Reply
    1. Pragmatic Mom says:
      December 21, 2014 at 9:07 pm

      Hi Maryanne,
      Glad you liked Suzanne’s list!!!

      Reply
  5. Patricia Tilton says:
    December 18, 2014 at 4:40 pm

    Always have been fascinate by birds, particularly, eagles and owls. Used to write newspaper articles about them in the mid-70s. Suzanne’s new book sounds like an excellent read. I like osprey too! Love the list of books. on birds.

    Reply
    1. Pragmatic Mom says:
      December 21, 2014 at 9:08 pm

      Hi Patricia,
      Wow, you must know a lot about birds from your journalist experience! I’m so glad you like Suzanne’s list of books on birds for kids! Her book has such a great message about taking care of our planet!

      Reply
  6. Erica @ WDWDAD says:
    December 19, 2014 at 5:07 am

    My son is a birding nut!! There are a couple here that are new to me! I’ve been introducing him to poetry about birds, too. The Egret’s Song is wonderful.

    Reply
    1. Pragmatic Mom says:
      December 21, 2014 at 9:09 pm

      Hi Erica,
      Did you see the link to Ann of Doodle’s and Jots birding journal. It’s a free download. I printed it out hoping to use it with my kids but they are not into birding yet. I wonder if your son would like it? It’s a great print out!

      Reply
  7. Suzanne Goldsmith says:
    December 19, 2014 at 7:31 am

    Thank you for your comments, everybody! It\\\’s fun to hear from so many bird lovers.

    Reply
    1. Pragmatic Mom says:
      December 21, 2014 at 9:10 pm

      Hi Suzanne,
      Thank you so much for your great post!

      Reply
  8. Ann says:
    December 19, 2014 at 11:16 am

    I’d love to win this book! We enjoy watching birds on Cape Cod. I have never seen one catch a fish but I have seen them hanging on to fish and eating them! I have see a kingfisher catch fish though. Pretty amazing since they eat them whole!

    Reply
    1. Pragmatic Mom says:
      December 21, 2014 at 9:11 pm

      Hi Ann,
      You and your kids would really love Suzanne’s book since you live on the Cape! Good luck!!

      Reply
  9. Suzanne Goldsmith says:
    December 19, 2014 at 6:13 pm

    I’d love to see a kingfisher, Ann! Maybe on the Vineyard next summer. Last summer we watched an osprey make his mark time after time while diving into rough surf. Amazing! Thanks for your comment!

    Reply
    1. Pragmatic Mom says:
      December 21, 2014 at 9:14 pm

      Hi Suzanne,
      We’ve seen an Osprey with the fish it caught but I missed the kill. My husband watched it and said it was amazing though! I don’t know what I was doing but I was in the wrong place at the wrong time :(.

      Reply
  10. Bryan says:
    December 19, 2014 at 9:32 pm

    I love the energy and curiosity of chickadees

    Reply
    1. Pragmatic Mom says:
      December 21, 2014 at 10:02 pm

      Hi Byran,
      They are so cute too!

      Reply
  11. Tina Marie Ernspiker says:
    December 29, 2014 at 5:36 pm

    We are featuring you this week at #laughlearnlinkup. Thanks for sharing. Stop by tomorrow and check it out 🙂

    Reply
    1. Pragmatic Mom says:
      January 8, 2015 at 5:45 pm

      Hi Tina,
      Thank you so much for using my post!!!

      Reply

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Looking for something? Search here.

I’m Mia Wenjen!

Mia Wenjen Pragmatic Mom

Hi, I’m Mia Wenjen. Nice to meet you!

I blog excessively about diverse children’s books (picture books through middle grade). I am also the co-founder of Read Your World Celebrates Multicultural Children’s Book Day on Jan 25, 2024, our 11th year!

I’d love to chat with you. Let’s connect! PragmaticMomBlog (at) gmail (dot) com or through my social media handles.

Free Blog Updates in your Inbox (RSS feed)

Monthly Newsletter with Subscriber Only Giveaways in your Inbox

My Linktree (click for my links & socials)

my linktree

My Websites

  • How To Coach Girls
  • I Love Newton
  • Mia Wenjen (My New Author Website)

Camp Cody: Overnight Camp in New Hampshire

Read Your World LGBTQIA+ Books Save Lives Merch!

https://www.pragmaticmom.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Read-Your-World-FINAL-Merchandise-Video.mp4

Purchase Read Your World Merch

LGBTQIA+ Books Save Lives Merch.

Buy it here!

Search Amazon

Find Children's Books

Newton Children’s Book Festival 2025

Newton Children's Book Festival 2025

Get My Books Signed or Inscribed through my shop (click to purchase)

Mia Wenjen signed books

Boxer Baby Battles Bedtime! (click to purchase)

Cover Reveal: Boxer Baby Battles Bedtime!

We Sing From the Heart (click to pre-order)

We Sing From the Heart picture book cover reveal of The Slants Simon Tam

FOOD FOR THE FUTURE (click to purchase)

Food for the Future: Sustainable Farms Around the World by Mia Wenjen, illustrated by Robert Sae-Heng

CHANGING THE GAME (click to purchase)

Changing the Game: Asian Pacific American Female Athletes by Mia Wenjen

SUMO JOE (click to purchase)

Sumo Joe cover reveal

Asian Pacific American Heroes (click to purchase)

Asian Pacific American Heroes by Mia Wenjen

GNOMES & UNGNOMES: Poems of Hidden Creatures // I have 3 haiku poems (click to purchase)

GNOMES & UNGNOMES: Poems of Hidden Creatures 3 haiku by Mia Wenjen
Read Your World is Multicultural Children's Book Day

ClothingRIC- A Premium Coupon Website!

ThingsFromMars- The Wondrous World of Wacky Gift Products!

How to Get Kids Reading

  • Multicultural Books for Children: 60+ Book Lists
  • Getting Kids to Love Reading
  • Summer Reading Lists for Kids By Grade
  • Summer Reading Lists for Middle School Kids

Heim Nest Kid Mattress Exclusive Deal

Heim Nest Kid Mattress

AdvancedWriters.com is an expert writing service which helps students with academic writing.

educational toys

CEX.IO is a versatile crypto exchange platform where users can buy, sell, and trade cryptocurrencies, as well as access resources and tools to learn how to trade effectively.

MyPaperDone.com
is surely one of the best when it comes to paper writing assistance.

My Custom Essay
will guide you through academic life.

Essay Writing Services

If you ask "write my essay", Topessaywriting can help you with paper writing

TranslationReport can help you to choose the best translation service

If you are looking for the most trusted essay writing service, check this article about best essay writing service reviews at Econotimes

educational toys from dhgate stores

Assignment Writing Services Offer Assignment Assistance In UK Based Company 50% Discount Students

Playing at online casinos can be an exciting and rewarding experience, and you can find the best options at casinoszondercruksonline.com. 

For those seeking a safe and reputable gambling experience, the Meest betrouwbare buitenlandse casino lijst is an invaluable resource.

Archives

Categories

The Elusive Full Ride Scholarship (click to purchase)

The Elusive Full Ride Scholarship: An Insider’s Guide

HOW TO COACH GIRLS (click to purchase)

How To Coach Girls silver award winner

Archives

I’ll be sharing WHAT I WISH I KNEW BEFORE I STARTED MY KICKSTARTER CAMPAIGN

HOW TO COACH GIRLS book trailer by Mia Wenjen & Alison Foley

https://youtu.be/j74M0bBxrGg

Recent Posts

  • Cover Reveal for Fight for the Right to Read June 16, 2025
  • We Sing From the Heart makes Bank Street Best Children’s Book of the Year 2025! June 13, 2025
  • Sumo Joe turns 6 Years Old and 6 book GIVEAWAY! June 11, 2025
  • 7 Interfaith Picture Books & GIVEAWAY! June 9, 2025
  • Read Your World Summer Flash Sale! June 6, 2025

Categories

© 2025 Pragmatic Mom | Powered by Superbs Personal Blog theme
This website uses cookies to improve your experience. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish.Accept Read More
Privacy & Cookies Policy

Privacy Overview

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are as essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience.
Necessary
Always Enabled
Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information.
SAVE & ACCEPT