I went for the first time to Plimoth Plantation as a chaperone for my son’s third grade field trip. I somehow managed to avoid it for my girls. It was really a great trip and the kids were very well prepared. My son said that he preferred learning about the Native Americans (and Wampanoags specifically) over the Pilgrim story.
The Three Sisters: Corn, Squash, and Beans. They are planted together and each helps the other to grow.
According to Iroquois legend, corn, beans, and squash are three inseparable sisters who only grow and thrive together. This tradition of interplanting corn, beans and squash in the same mounds, widespread among Native American farming societies, is a sophisticated, sustainable system that provided long-term soil fertility and a healthy diet to generations.
Corn provides a natural pole for bean vines to climb. Beans fix nitrogen on their roots, improving the overall fertility of the plot by providing nitrogen to the following years corn. Bean vines also help stabilize the corn plants, making them less vulnerable to blowing over in the wind. Shallow-rooted squash vines become a living mulch, shading emerging weeds and preventing soil moisture from evaporating, thereby improving the overall crops chances of survival in dry years. Spiny squash plants also help discourage predators from approaching the corn and beans. The large amount of crop residue from this planting combination can be incorporated back into the soil at the end of the season, to build up the organic matter and improve its structure.
From Renee’s Garden
Two different worlds: Wampanoag and Pilgrim women in 1620
My son’s third-grade class had been reading, as a read-aloud, Ghost Hawk by Susan Cooper to learn about the Wampanoag in preparation for this field trip.
Ghost Hawk by Susan Cooper
My son tells me that they started this chapter book about the Wampanoag Native Americans but will not have time to finish it before school ends. It corresponds nicely with their field trip to Plimoth Plantation (which I will be posting on shortly), and I LOVE Susan Cooper’s Dark is Rising series so I’m excited to finish this book at home this summer with my son.
Mishoon: a Wampanoag canoe created from a log using fire to burn it out and then quahogs shells and bone to scrape into the hollow shape.
But then I had a Twitter conversation with Debbie Reese, the pre-eminent scholar on Native Americans in children’s literature, and she had issues with how the Wampanoags are portrayed in Ghost Hawk — her post is here. She gave me two alternate recommendations instead for teachers to use to teach about the Wampanoag during the 17th century.
Controversy about the Bruchac being Native American: “Is Joseph Bruchac truly Abenaki?”
The first is Margaret Bruchac’s photo essay 1621: A New Look at Thanksgiving.
This would be a great choice for kids visiting Plimoth Plantation because her cousin was working at Plimoth Plantation when we visited and that would make for a rich discussion! Margaret’s brother, Joseph Bruchac, is also a prolific children’s book author.
My son’s class learned how wetus were constructed.
We were thrilled to meet Margaret and Joseph’s cousin in the winter wetu.
Winter wetu.
He gently corrected me when I referred to it as a “longhouse.” No, it’s a wetu!
We met Joseph and Margaret Bruchac’s cousin in the winter wetu at Plimoth Plantation.
Debbie also recommends Guests by Michael Dorris.
Here’s a review to get a sense of the plot from Amazon:
“When Moss, a young Algonquian boy, accidentally broke his grandfather’s wampum in the morning he was already dreading enough; his bad luck just got worse. When he showed the broken wampum to his grandfather, his grandfather said that he would just have to replace the old story with his own story and use the wampum’s beads to tell the story. He was to finish the story before the guests came that evening. When Moss refused to help with the preparations, he told his parents that he would run away before he ate with them. Moss left the village while he followed another Native American girl named Trouble. He followed her into the woods, even though she asked him not to. When Moss first told her that he was going on his away time, she did not believe him. Even though he was lying, she was persuaded when he adventured into the forest by himself. He found an animal in the forest that helped him dig deep into his heart and pull out the real Moss. When he found that he was lost, he became discouraged and walked in one direction. He came upon Trouble who showed him the way back. Moss is unhappy that the guests were coming and thought he might not return to the village. I recommend this book to children from ages 8-12 who enjoy exciting stories.”
It was wonderful to be able to talk to actual Native Americans. They represent their tribe but speak in English and are very knowledgeable about day-to-day life during the time of the Pilgrims. This is probably the first time in his life that my son met Native Americans. It was their favorite part of the field trip!
Summer wetu.
My son’s 3rd grade group project on the Wampanoags resulted in this presentation.
Part of the 3rd grade assignment at Plimoth Plantation was a scavenger hunt that included asking Native Americans about the toys and games kids played back then. We learned about Let’s Play Ball from a member of the Wampanoag tribe from Martha’s Vineyard. (That always elicited an impressed “ah” which made him laugh!).
Let’s Play Ball is a game that stretches one mile along the beach. Men played it using a kind of ball. You had to dribble the ball by throwing it back and forth between your hands or carry it using your feet or legs. You could not just hold the ball and run. Other than that, there were no rules other than to get the ball to your end of the field! Sounds like football, crossed with rugby, crossed with soccer but much, much harder!
Here’s another game via a Plimoth Plantation video.
Related Posts:
Plimoth Plantation: Learning About Pilgrims
4th of July in Plymouth, Massachusetts
Contemporary Native Americans in KidLit
Notable Children’s Book Author Joseph Bruchac
Native American Picture Book of the Day
Top 10 Native American Books for Kids
Top 10 Best Native American Picture Books
Top 10 Best Native American Middle School Books
Top 10 Best Native American YA Books
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One of my husband’s favorite places to visit.
Hi Barbara,
You should come visit too and bring Little Miss History along!!! (Barbara and her husband have penned a wonderful picture book series that features American geography! I just love them!!!)
Mia, loved the post about Plimoth Plantation. I’ve never been there, but included info and a video clip when I reviewed a book at Thanksgiving. I was fascinated with the crop rotation. Makes so much sense. Hope to visit there some time.
Thanks so much Patricia!
Here are some clips of Patricia’s great posts on Native Americans. She blogs at Children’s Books Heal:
Squantos Journey: The Story of the First Thanksgiving by Joseph Bruchac
http://childrensbooksheal.com/tag/native-americans/
Thank You Sarah: The Woman Who Saved Thanksgiving
http://childrensbooksheal.com/2011/11/21/thank-you-sarah-the-woman-who-saved-thanksgiving/
Hi Mia,
Great post about Native Americans! Early on when I first started teaching, I taught 4th grade social studies and the area of Native Americans was a big part of the curriculum. The kids loved many of the ideas and culture presented, especially on their sports and games. Later on, when teaching 5th and 6th grade reading/literacy, I got into Native American myths, legends, and tales, many surreal, imaginative, and provocative, as well as their songs, chants, and poetry.
I have listed a few books on this subject that might interest homeschooling parents-teachers, parents who like to teach their kids beyond the classroom, as well as educators of all kinds:
(1) VOICES OF THE WIND: NATIVE AMERICAN LEGENDS edited by Margot Edmonds and Ella E. Clark
(2) NATIVE AMERICAN TALES AND LEGENDS edited by Allan A. MacFarlan
(3) IN THE TRAIL OF THE WIND: AMERICAN INDIAN POEMS AND RITUAL ORATIONS Edited by John Bierhorst (keep in mind the book was published in 1971 and the use of the word “Indian” in the title)
(4) WHEN THE EARTH WAS YOUNG: SONGS OF THE AMERICAN INDIAN Collected with Photographs by David Yeadon (1978 publication date and therefore the use of “Indian”)
Using Native American myths, legends, tales, poems, songs, and chants was inspiring in my classrooms and it would be for homeschooling parents who are seeking new, fresh ways for motivating and teaching their children.
Through the literature and their poetry you get to see the natural and human world through Native Americans’ eyes. I found that the kids picked up on the poems, the simple, direct, raw style, the strong emotions expressed, the mind-pictures conveyed, and the creative thinking the words generated.
My students adapted some of these aspects into their own poetry. The surreal myths and legends affected the children’s writing because the creativity and imagination enriched and expanded their ways of thinking and looking at things, both real and unreal.
Thanks for your great book recommendations Jeffrey! And for your awesome post on writing and imagining!!!
Visiting the native campsite at Plimoth Plantation is so interesting. Thanks for the book picks. I would love to read and learn more about the Wampanoag.
Hi Ann,
Me too!!! I’m going to read Debbie Reese’s picks; they look great!